Quels effets aura la légalisation des drogues sur les communautés racisées aux États-Unis ?

« Les électeurs comprennent à juste titre la régulation légale du cannabis davantage comme une voie vers la justice et en particulier vers la justice « raciale », que comme une question de revenu ». Pour en savoir plus, en anglais, veuillez lire les informations ci-dessous.

By Wilbert L. Cooper and Christie Thompson of the Marshall Project, The Guardian

From the Pacific Northwest to the deep south, drug legalization won big nationwide on election day in America.

Under the first state law of its kind, people in Oregon soon won’t be arrested for possessing small amounts of drugs including heroin, meth and cocaine. In New Jersey, Arizona, South Dakota and Montana, voters joined 11 other states and the District of Columbia in legalizing recreational marijuana. Washington DC passed an initiative to make mushrooms and other natural psychedelics the lowest possible enforcement priority. Even Mississippi legalized medical marijuana.

After months of global protests over racism in policing, advocates behind many of these campaigns focused their messaging on racial disparities in drug-law enforcement. In New Jersey, a social media ad explaining how a marijuana arrest could ruin someone’s life centered images of young Black men and women. Activists in Oregon pointed to a statewide study that found drug convictions for Black and Native people would drop by nearly 95% under the state’s decriminalization law.

Yet despite these electoral successes, it remains unclear what effect the new measures will have for communities of color, who have long been disproportionately targeted in the war on drugs. Even as many states move toward legalization, drug-related violations remain the most frequent cause for arrest in the US. Nearly 40% of those arrests are for marijuana possession alone, according to federal data from 2018. Black people make up 27% of drug arrests, but only 13% of the country.