Drug problem or medicrime? Distribution and use of falsified tramadol medication in Egypt and West Africa

Publications

Drug problem or medicrime? Distribution and use of falsified tramadol medication in Egypt and West Africa

6 February 2019
LSE Ideas International Drug Policy Project

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid that is widely used as an analgesic for alleviating pain of moderate to medium intensity. With potency estimated to be about one-tenth that of morphine, tramadol is considered as relatively safe with regard to poisonings or dependency. Yet there are increasing reports of widespread non-medical consumption of tramadol in North and West Africa. The Egyptian government has requested the UN Commission of Narcotic Drugs to put tramadol under international control. This will have profound implications for the treatment of acute and chronic pain across developing countries where tramadol is often the only available analgesic, because controlled substances are impossible to obtain for health care practitioners. The tramadol sold outside of medical establishments is often adulterated and substandard, part of the massive trade in falsified medicines that is possibly far more devastating than the hedonic use of psychoactive substances. Yet the international machinery in place to control medical products is feeble and the penalties for medicrime are modest next to drug trafficking.

Publication list is as follows;

Drug Problem or Medicrime? Distribution and Use of Falsified Tramadol Medication in Egypt and West Africa

Mitigating Crime and Violence in Coca-growing Areas

Challenges of Organised Community Resistance in the Context of Illicit Economies and Drug War Policies: Insights from Colombia

From Alternative Development to Sustainable Development: The Role of Development Within the Global Drug Control Regime